A hacienda in those days consisted of all the lands you could see in all directions from the central residence. (In present times this central residence itself has come to be referred to as a hacienda—now typically a house built around a patio which includes a well and a garden.) The hacienda of Leticia’s family was extensive, including grazing lands and many horses. These horses proved to be key to some battles.

In particular, the gift of a pair of fine quarter horses to Porfirio Díaz plus some money saw him through a very trying campaign. On occasion horses from his hacienda were used by Leticia’s grandfather in his many campaigns in the Revolutionary War. This is the war in which Pancho Villa became famous as a somewhat renegade Mexican general.

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